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1951: The General Certificate of Education (colloquially...

Building and people item

1951

The General Certificate of Education (colloquially known as GCE, O level and A level) replaced the School Certificate as the qualification available at the end of secondary school education.
Martin, Christopher. A Short History of English Schools, 1750-1965. Wayland, 1979.
99
Armytage, Walter Harry Green. Four Hundred Years of English Education. Second, Cambridge University Press, 1970.
250-1

1912: Karen Horney worked at Privat-Heil-und-Pflegeanstalt...

Building and people item

1912

Karen Horney worked at Privat-Heil-und-Pflegeanstalt hur Weibliche Giesteskranke (Private Health and Care Institution / Mental Hospital for Women).
Stevens, Gwendolyn, and Sheldon Gardner. The Women of Psychology. Schenkman, 1982, 2 vols., http://HSS.
I: 148

1890: The City and South London Railway became...

National or international item

1890

The City and South London Railway became the first successful electrically-operated tube railway in the world.
Hoole, Ken et al. Rail 150: The Stockton and Darlington Railway and What Followed. Eyre Methuen, 1975.
65

April 1853: Stage performer Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield,...

Building and people item

April 1853

Stage performer Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield , an ex-slave from Mississippi and the first Black concert singer to win fame in both the US and Britian, arrived in Liverpool.
Sanjek, Russell. American Popular Music and its Business. Oxford University Press, 1988.
219

Lettice Cooper

LC 's writing career spans both sides of the Second World War. Author of twenty novels which deal with human relationships as responsive to the social and cultural conditions of her day, many of them...
Lettice Cooper Black and white photograph of Lettice Cooper, depicted face-on, from the shoulders up, with her head slightly turned. She is wearing a dark jacket with a white collar, and dark lipstick and eye makeup. Her hair is chin-length, dark, and parted to the side.

July 1920: The Irish Citizen ended publication after...

Building and people item

July 1920

The Irish Citizen ended publication after a British soldier wrecked the press.
Owens, Rosemary Cullen. Smashing Times: A History of the Irish Women’s Suffrage Movement 1889-1922. Attic, 1984.
129
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
33

13 April 1864: A weekly women's newspaper entitled the Young...

Writer or writing item

13 April 1864

A weekly women's newspaper entitled the Young Ladies' Journal began publication in London.
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
23

1894: Havelock Ellis' Man and Woman: A Study of...

Building and people item

1894

Havelock Ellis ' Man and Woman: A Study of Human Secondary Sexual Characteristics, which investigated gender differences, was published in London.
Bullough, Vern L. Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research. Basic Books, 1994.
78
Brome, Vincent. Havelock Ellis, Philosopher of Sex: A Biography. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.
264

24 July 1707: Isaac Watts published his influential volume...

Writer or writing item

24 July 1707

Isaac Watts published his influential volume of Hymns and Spiritual Songs.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Foxon, David F. English Verse 1701-1750. Cambridge University Press, 1975, 2 vols.

30 July 1935: Penguin Books issued its first ten titles:...

Writer or writing item

30 July 1935

Penguin Books issued its first ten titles: sixpenny paperbacks with a characteristic penguin logo.
Penguin UK: About Us: Company History. http://www.penguin.co.uk/static/cs/uk/0/aboutus/history.html.
British Book News. British Council.
(1956): 395
Spark, Muriel. Curriculum Vitae: Autobiography. Constable, 1992.
113
Mezei, Kathy, and Chiara Briganti. “’She must be a very good novelist’: Rereading E. H. Young (1880-1949)”. English Studies in Canada, Vol.
27
, No. 3, Sept. 2001, pp. 303-31.
308 and n12
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
380

By 20 February 1869: Matthew Arnold published his sweeping work...

Writer or writing item

By 20 February 1869

Matthew Arnold published his sweeping work of cultural criticism, Culture and Anarchy.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
2156 (1869): 271

April 1870: Ernest Boulton and Frederick William Park...

Building and people item

April 1870

Ernest Boulton and Frederick William Park were arrested at the Strand Theatre in London in women's attire, and charged with conspiring and inciting persons to commit an unnatural offence.
Cook, Matt. London and the Culture of Homosexuality, 1885-1914. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
15
Sweet, Matthew. Inventing the Victorians. St Martin’s Press, 2001.
198

1891: H. S. YoungJES:need first name for Young?...

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1891

H. S. Young was fined £10 by a London court for sending birth-control pamphlets to people who announced recent births in newspapers.
Fryer, Peter. The Birth Controllers. Secker and Warburg, 1965.
172
McLaren, Angus. Birth Control in Nineteenth Century England. Croom Helm, 1978.
225

30 October 1981: The British Nationality Act limited the right...

National or international item

30 October 1981

The British Nationality Act limited the right to live in the UK to British citizens; it also for the first time provided for mothers as well as fathers to transmit nationality—and created some new categories...

31 October 1984: Indira Gandhi, who had been Prime Minister...

National or international item

31 October 1984

Indira Gandhi , who had been Prime Minister of India with only one short break since 1967, was assassinated, shot down in her garden by two of her body-guards who were Sikhs, in retaliation for...

28 February 1922: The UK recognized Egypt (formerly a British...

National or international item

28 February 1922

The UK recognized Egypt (formerly a British protectorate) as an independent sovereign state.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 637
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
1075

Jane Loudon

While still an adolescent JL published tales and verse; next, in 1827, came a highly unusual science-fiction horror novel. After marrying a horticulturalist she participated in his writing career with work on his gardening magazine...
Jane Loudon Black and white photograph of an oval painting of Jane Loudon, shown from the waist up. She is wearing a simple dress with dark bodice and light skirt, a light cape patterned with flowers, and a lace collar. Slender chains lie around her neck and in her dark, neatly piled hair.

1914: The County and Borough Councils (Qualification)...

National or international item

1914

The County and Borough Councils (Qualification) Act and the County, Town and Parish Councils (Qualification) (Scotland) Act removed property qualifications for councillors and aldermen; any woman or man who had lived in the...

August 1852: The first public lavatory in Britain was...

Building and people item

August 1852

The first public lavatory in Britain was opened, in Fleet Street, London, following the realisation that public toilets would improve hygiene and facilitate women's freedom of movement around the streets.
Meikle, James. “Campaigners raise stink on public lavatory’s 150th birthday”. The Guardian, 15 Aug. 2002, p. 6.
6

1821: The Rob Roy, the first steamer to run to...

Building and people item

1821

The Rob Roy, the first steamer to run to a regular schedule across the English Channel, began service.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
78

July 1913: Lily Boulanger, a French composer, made headline...

Building and people item

July 1913

Lily Boulanger , a French composer, made headline news when she became the first woman awarded the Prix de Rome, for her cantata Faust et Hélène.
Sadie, Julie Anne, and Rhian Samuel, editors. The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. Macmillan, 1994.
xxvii, 77

1932: Margaret Louisa Woods edited a collection...

Women writers item

1932

Margaret Louisa Woods edited a collection from the Poetry Circle of the Writers' Club , The Writers' Club Anthology.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

November 1915: Women's Police Volunteers were recognized...

Building and people item

November 1915

Women's Police Volunteers were recognized by the Grantham Town Council as members of the local police force, becoming the first paid women police in local forces in Great Britain.
Allen, Mary S. The Pioneer Policewoman. AMS Press, 1973.
38

By 3 September 1887: Margaret Louisa Woods published her first...

Women writers item

By 3 September 1887

Margaret Louisa Woods published her first novel, A Village Tragedy.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
3123 (1887): 307