Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1860: A puerperal fever epidemic erupted in London;...

Building item

1860

A puerperal fever epidemic erupted in London; it recurred in 1861.
Towler, Jean. Midwives in History and Society. Croom Helm, 1986.
154

1860: Velocipede tricycles and quadricycles made...

Building item

1860

Velocipede tricycles and quadricycles made of iron began to appear in England.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
108

1860: Alexander Strahan launched the popular Evangelical...

Building item

1860

Alexander Strahan launched the popular Evangelical monthly Good Words; its motto was Good Words are Worth Much and Cost Little.
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.
252-3

1860: The National Charter Association was dis...

National or international item

1860

The National Charter Association was dissolved.
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
248

1860: In France, Henri Voirin invented his lithographic...

Building item

1860

In France, Henri Voirin invented his lithographic printing press.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
153

1860: Julia Wightman, a temperance reformer and...

Building item

1860

Julia Wightman , a temperance reformer and wife of a clergyman, published Haste to the Rescue; this aroused greater church involvement in temperance.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
50-1, 100, 130

1860: The Evangelical Homes of Hope for fallen...

Building item

1860

The Evangelical Homes of Hope for fallen women opened.
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
108

1860: After this date, stirrups became widely used...

Building item

1860

After this date, stirrups became widely used by gynaecologists for physical examinations.
Moscucci, Ornella. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
125

January 1860: Cavour was again made Prime Minister of Piedmont...

National or international item

January 1860

Cavour was again made Prime Minister of Piedmont by Victor Emmanuel II .
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
266

1860-1890: The cost of nursing a single patient in Britain...

Building item

1860-1890

The cost of nursing a single patient in Britain rose four hundred percent.
White, Rosemary. Social Change and the Development of the Nursing Profession: A Study of the Poor Law Nursing Service, 1848-1948. H. Kimpton, 1978.
57-8

By 1860: The Army Prayer Union and Scripture Readers...

Building item

By 1860

The Army Prayer Union and Scripture Readers Society was in full operation, founded by a number of Evangelical officers.
Bradley, Ian. The Call to Seriousness: The Evangelical Impact on the Victorians. Jonathan Cape, 1976.
49

1860-November 1861: Robert O. Burke and William J. Wills became...

National or international item

1860-November 1861

Robert O. Burke and William J. Wills became the first Europeans to cross Australia from south to north; they perished on the return journey.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 930-1
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
930

1860: French physician Louis-Victor Marce (1828-1864)...

Building item

1860

French physician Louis-Victor Marce (1828-1864) published another early observation of what later became known as anorexia nervosa.
Hof, Sonja van ’t. Anorexia Nervosa: The Historical and Cultural Specificity: Fallacious Theories and Tenacious "Facts". Swets and Zeitlinger, 1994.
55

2 January 1860: The fourth and final issue of Bentley's Quarterly...

Writing climate item

2 January 1860

The fourth and final issue of Bentley's Quarterly Review was published.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
2: 6-7, 10

Louisa Anne Meredith : By 7 January 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Louisa Anne Meredith

By 7 January 1860

LAM published a volume of her drawings with accompanying verse: Some of My Bush Friends in Tasmania, Native Flowers, Berries and Insects.
The book bore the date 1860, but was advertised in The...

Julia Pardoe: 16 January 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Pardoe

16 January 1860

JP was granted a Civil List pension of ¥100.
Colles, William Morris. Literature and the Pension List. Henry Glaisher, 1889.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov: 17 January 1860

Writing climate item
Author event in Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

17 January 1860

APC , Russian dramatist and short-story writer, was born in the port city of Taganrog, Russia.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
277

Julia Kavanagh: Late 1859 or early 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Kavanagh

Late 1859 or early 1860

Probably 1859 but perhaps early 1860, JK published her first collection of short stories, Seven Years, and Other Tales, in three volumes.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1683 (1860): 133

Margaret Oliphant: February 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

February 1860

MO returned with her family from Italy; they stayed in Scotland, first at Elie in Fife, then in Fettes Row, Edinburgh.
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. St Martin’s Press, 1986.
34-5, 37

February 1860: Alfred Tennyson published Tithonus in the...

Writing climate item

February 1860

Alfred Tennyson published Tithonus in the Cornhill Magazine.
Tennyson, Alfred. Tennyson’s Poetry. Editor Hill, Robert W., Jr, W. W. Norton, 1971.
71
Wise, Thomas J. A Bibliography of the Writings of Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1967, 2 Vols.
195

8 February 1860: The first of the big midnight missions in...

Building item

8 February 1860

The first of the big midnight missions in London was held; five hundred invitations were handed out, and half that many prostitutes responded.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
194-5

Harriet E. Wilson: 15 February 1860

Writing climate item
Author event in Harriet E. Wilson

15 February 1860

HEW 's seven-year-old son George Mason Wilson died of fever at Milford, New Hampshire, only five months after the appearance of her book.
Wilson, Harriet E. “Introduction”. Our Nig, edited by Henry Louis, Jr Gates, Vintage Books, Random House, 1983, p. xi - lix.
xii

28 February 1860: Nathaniel Hawthorne published Transformation:...

Writing climate item

28 February 1860

Nathaniel Hawthorne published Transformation: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni in three volumes.
Clark, C. E. Frazer. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Descriptive Bibliography. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1978.
244-5

Mary Elizabeth Braddon: 29 February 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Elizabeth Braddon

29 February 1860

When MEB retired from the stage on this date with a benefit performance, she was already described by a local paper as of literary rather than histrionic fame.
qtd. in
Carnell, Jennifer. The Literary Lives of Mary Elizabeth Braddon: A Study of Her Life and Work. Sensation Press, 2000.
73

Isabella Beeton: March 1860

Writing climate item
Author event in Isabella Beeton

March 1860

Isabella and Samuel Beeton travelled to Paris to investigate her idea of providing the Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine with paper dress patterns and high-quality colour fashion plates.
Freeman, Sarah. Isabella and Sam: The Story of Mrs Beeton. Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1977.
164-5, 175