Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1841: Henry George Bohn published the Guinea Catalogue,...

Writing climate item

1841

Henry George Bohn published the Guinea Catalogue, an important early bibliographical text.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

1841: The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew were made...

Building item

1841

The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew were made a public botanical garden.
Shteir, Ann B. Cultivating Women, Cultivating Science. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
152

1841: The Registrar General's Office announced...

National or international item

1841

The Registrar General's Office announced the national statistic that over 3,000 mothers died each year during childbirth.
Donnison, Jean. Midwives and Medical Men: A History of Inter-Professional Rivalries and Women’s Rights. Schocken Books, 1977.
53

1841: The Huddersfield College of Technology was...

Building item

1841

The Huddersfield College of Technology was founded.
The World of Learning. 47th ed., Allen and Unwin, 1997.
1526

1841: Joseph Cundell established his own publishing...

Writing climate item

1841

Joseph Cundell established his own publishing firm in London.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 120-1

1841: William Worby made the first farm tractor,...

National or international item

1841

William Worby made the first farm tractor, a steam-driven "cart horse".
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
92

By 1841: London and Glasgow were first brought within...

National or international item

By 1841

London and Glasgow were first brought within twenty-four hours travelling time by the development of railways and steamships.
Simmons, Jack. The Railway in England and Wales 1830-1914. Leicester University Press, 1978.
29

1841: American Charles Thomas Jackson discovered...

Building item

1841

American Charles Thomas Jackson discovered the anaesthetic properties of ether.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
309
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
319

1841: W. C. Jay's London General Mourning Warehouse...

Building item

1841

W. C. Jay 's London General Mourning Warehouse opened at 247, 248, 249 Regent Street, offering one-stop shopping for the bereft.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
65-8

By 1841: At least twenty Chartist Churches were established...

National or international item

By 1841

At least twenty Chartist Churches were established in Scotland.
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
34

1841: The Metropolitan Association for Improving...

Building item

1841

The Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes was founded.
Brion, Marion, and Anthea Tinker. Women in Housing: Access and Influence. Housing Centre Trust, 1980.
60
Rodger, Richard. Housing in Urban Britain, 1780-1914: Class, Capitalism and Construction. Macmillan, 1989.
45

1841: The Ladies' Diary, an annual almanac, ceased...

Building item

1841

The Ladies' Diary, an annual almanac, ceased publication in London by merging with The Gentleman's Diary.
White, Cynthia L. Women’s Magazines 1693-1968. Michael Joseph, 1970.
25

1841: The Miners' Association was founded....

National or international item

1841

The Miners' Association was founded.
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
35

1841: The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain...

Building item

1841

The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was established in London.
Dolan, Josephine A. History of Nursing. 12th ed., Saunders, 1968.
244

1841: Rudolph von Kolliker (1817-1905) of Switzerland...

Building item

1841

Rudolph von Kolliker (1817-1905) of Switzerland first demonstrated the function of spermatazoa.
Pascoe, Lionel Craman et al. The Teach Yourself Encyclopaedia of Dates and Events. English Universities Press, 1968.
491

1841: The death penalty for rape was changed to...

National or international item

1841

The death penalty for rape was changed to transportation for life.
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
711
Adler, Zsuzsanna. Rape on Trial. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987.
21

By January 1841: East London Female Patriotic Association...

Building item

By January 1841

East London Female Patriotic Association (ELFPA) changed its name to the East London Female Total Abstinence Chartist Association .
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
257

1841: In the British Census, 278 women classified...

Building item

1841

In the British Census, 278 women classified themselves as professional artists.
Nunn, Pamela Gerrish. Victorian Women Artists. Women’s Press, 1987.
3
Marsh, Jan, and Pamela Gerrish Nunn. Women Artists and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. Virago, 1989.
27

1841: St Chad's Roman Catholic Church opened in...

Building item

1841

St Chad's Roman Catholic Church opened in Birmingham, the first Catholic cathedral to be built in the country in over 200 years.
Norman, Edward R. The English Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century. Clarendon, 1984.
201

1841: The Old Red Sandstone; or, New Walks in an...

Building item

1841

The Old Red Sandstone; or, New Walks in an Old Field, by Scottish geologist Hugh Miller , became popular immediately upon publication.
Merrill, Lynn L. The Romance of Victorian Natural History. Oxford University Press, 1989.
237
Merrill, Lynn L. The Romance of Victorian Natural History. Oxford University Press, 1989.
237

1841: Elizabeth Adams patented a corset for pregnant...

Building item

1841

Elizabeth Adams patented a corset for pregnant women.
Franck, Irene, and David Brownstone. Women’s World: A Timeline of Women in History. HarperCollins; HarperPerennial, 1995.
120

1841: Ludwig Feuerbach published Das Wesen des...

Writing climate item

1841

Ludwig Feuerbach published Das Wesen des Christentums, an influential philosophical work demythologising Christianity.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

1841: Swiss surgeon Emil Theodor Kocher developed...

Building item

1841

Swiss surgeon Emil Theodor Kocher developed a cure for goitre by the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
309

1841-1863: The Houses of Parliament were rebuilt in...

National or international item

1841-1863

The Houses of Parliament were rebuilt in the Gothic style by Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin , following their destruction by fire in October 1834.
Maas, Jeremy. Victorian Painters. Barrie and Jenkins, 1978.
14
Phillips, Janet, and Peter Phillips. Victorians at Home and Away. Croom Helm, 1978.
44
Bell, Quentin. Victorian Artists. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967.
24
Boyle, Andrew. An Index to the Annuals. Andrew Boyle, 1967.
212

1841-1845: A further uprising in Italy against the Austrians...

National or international item

1841-1845

A further uprising in Italy against the Austrians failed.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Revolution 1789-1848. Vintage, 1996.
129