Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1838: Frederick Adolphe Wilde, a German, made a...

Building item

1838

Frederick Adolphe Wilde , a German, made a mould of a woman's cervix in wax and from it produced the first contraceptive cap, made of latex, to fit inside the body.
Greer, Germaine. Sex and Destiny. Harper and Row, 1984.
405

1838: The earliest direct known translation to...

Writing climate item

1838

The earliest direct known translation to English of Arabian Nights was published. The translator, Henry Whitelock Torrens , titled it The Book of the Thousand and One Nights: from the Arabic of Aegyptian MS...

1838: The Phrenological Association was founded;...

Building item

1838

The Phrenological Association was founded; its mandate was to make phrenology respectable.
Gauld, Alan. A History of Hypnotism. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
206
Porter, Katherine H. Through a Glass Darkly: Spiritualism in the Browning Circle. Octagon, 1972.
24

1838: Sir Titus Salt invented alpaca, a fabric...

Building item

1838

Sir Titus Salt invented alpaca, a fabric similar to silk, but much cheaper.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
179

1838: Lord Shaftesbury first brought up for discussion...

National or international item

1838

Lord Shaftesbury first brought up for discussion in the House of Lords the protection of young females from vice.
Bristow, Edward. Vice and Vigilance: Purity Movements in Britain Since 1700. Gill and Macmillan, 1977.
61

1838: Duty on opium was substantially lowered to...

National or international item

1838

Duty on opium was substantially lowered to four shillings per pound, creating massive increases in opium imports.
Parssinen, Terry M. Secret Passions, Secret Remedies: Narcotic Drugs in British Society 1820-1930. Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1983.
14

1838: A hosiery-knitting machine was invented;...

Building item

1838

A hosiery-knitting machine was invented; it did not gain wide use until 1844.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
11

1838: The Poor Law annual report noted links between...

Building item

1838

The Poor Law annual report noted links between pauper ill health and the abominable housing conditions available to them.
Owen, David. English Philanthropy, 1660-1960. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1964.
374

1838: The Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria was crowned...

National or international item

1838

The Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria was crowned King of Lombardy at Milan: Austria was consolidating its power in Italy.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
108

1838: The first Travelling Post Office (night trains...

Building item

1838

The first Travelling Post Office (night trains on which mail was sorted in transit) was introduced between London and Liverpool.
Allen, G. Freeman. Railways: Past, Present and Future. Orbis Publishing, 1982.
71
Webster, Ben. “Last post sounds end of the line for night mail”. Times, 16 June 2001, p. 3.
3

1838-1839: The majority of Female Chartist Associations...

National or international item

1838-1839

The majority of Female Chartist Associations were formed during these two years.
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
199-200

1838: The first temperance hall was built in Bradford,...

Building item

1838

The first temperance hall was built in Bradford, where the first temperance organization had arisen earlier in the decade.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
159-61

1838: The Archimedes, designed by engineer Francis...

Building item

1838

The Archimedes, designed by engineer Francis Pettit Smith , was the first sizeable seagoing vessel to be driven by a screw propeller.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
90

Mary Howitt: 8 January 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Howitt

8 January 1838

MH 's sixth child, Herbert Charlton , was born; he died at the age of twenty-five.
Woodring, Carl Ray. Victorian Samplers: William and Mary Howitt. University of Kansas Press, 1952.
224

11 January 1838: Samuel Morse, developer of the Morse Code,...

National or international item

11 January 1838

Samuel Morse , developer of the Morse Code, gave the first public demonstration of a telegraphed message from a steelworks in Morristown, New Jersey.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/.
Rosen, Michael. Alphabetical: How Every Letter Tells a Story. John Murray, 2013.
301

Eliza Fletcher: 15 January 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Fletcher

15 January 1838

On her sixty-eighth birthday EF began, at the request of her youngest daughter, Mary, to write her autobiography.
Fletcher, Eliza. Autobiography of Mrs. Fletcher, of Edinburgh. Editor Richardson, Mary, Lady, Printed at the offices of C. Thurman for private circulation, 1874.
56

Jemima Tautphoeus: 29 January 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Jemima Tautphoeus

29 January 1838

Jemima Montgomery married Cajetan Josef Friedrich, Baron von Tautphoeus , of Marquartstein.
Marquartstein is a little town now in Austria, not far from Salzburg.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Eliza Dunlop: February 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Dunlop

February 1838

After more than a decade of marriage, ED and her second husband, David , emigrated to Australia, landing from the ship Superb at Port Jackson (now the harbour of Sydney in New South Wales)).
Australian Dictionary of Biography Online. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm.

Anna Brownell Jameson: February 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

February 1838

ABJ sailed from the USA for England, after her husband agreed to provide her with an allowance of £300 per year.
Thomas, Clara. Love and Work Enough: The Life of Anna Jameson. University of Toronto Press, 1967.
125

Anna Brownell Jameson: 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

1838

ABJ published in three volumes her travel narrative Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada.
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
237

10 February 1838: Following the rebellions of the previous...

National or international item

10 February 1838

Following the rebellions of the previous year, the Constitution of Lower Canada was suspended .
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
II: 460
Williams, Neville. Chronology of the Modern World: 1763 to the Present Time. David McKay, 1967.
182

Henry Brooks Adams: 16 February 1838

Writing climate item
Author event in Henry Brooks Adams

16 February 1838

HBA , journalist and historian, was born at Medfield, Massachusetts, USA.
Kunitz, Stanley J., and Howard Haycraft, editors. American Authors, 1600-1900: A Biographical Dictionary of American Literature. H. W. Wilson, 1938.
Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, editors. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
3-4

Anne Grant: 21 February 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Grant

21 February 1838

On her eighty-third birthday AG wrote her final poem.
Wilson, James Grant, and Anne Grant. “Preface, Memoir of Mrs. Grant”. Memoirs of an American Lady, edited by James Grant Wilson and James Grant Wilson, Books for Libraries Press, 1972, p. ix - xxxvi.
xxviii

Lady Charlotte Bury: By March 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Charlotte Bury

By March 1838

LCB anonymously issued a Diary Illustrative of the Times of George the Fourth, a larger selection from her court writings.
Mudge, Bradford Keyes, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 116. Gale Research, 1992.
65
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

Annabella Plumptre: March 1838

Women writers item
Author event in Annabella Plumptre

March 1838

In her will AP left twenty-five pounds to her next sister, Lydia Plumptre (1762-1846), and bequests to members of the Phipps family of Selsey. She left her books to two Phipps sisters.
Ashfield, Andrew. Emails to Isobel Grundy about Ann Gomersall, Ann Hawkshaw, J. S. Anna Liddiard, Plumptre Sisters, Mary Ridgway Stockdale, Medora Gordon Byron. 8 Jan. 2016.