Women’s Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present
Virginia Woolf
-
Standard Name: Woolf, Virginia
Birth Name: Adeline Virginia Stephen
Nickname: Ginia
Married Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf
Thousands of readers over three or four generations have known that Virginia Woolf was—by a beadle—denied access to the library of a great university. They may have known, too, that she was a leading intellect of the twentieth century. If they are feminist readers they will know that she thought . . . back through her mothers and also sideways through her sisters and that she contributed more than any other in the twentieth century to the recovery of women's writing.
Marcus, Jane. “Introduction”. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf, edited by Jane Marcus, Macmillan, 1981, p. i - xx.
xiv
Educated in her father's library and in a far more than usually demanding school of life, she radically altered the course not only of the English tradition but also of the several traditions of literature in English.
Froula, Christine. Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Avant-Garde. Columbia University Press, 2005.
2
She wrote prodigiously—nine published novels, as well as stories, essays (including two crucial books on feminism, its relation to education and to war), diaries, letters, biographies (both serious and burlesque), and criticism. As a literary journalist in a wide range of forums, she addressed the major social issues of her time in more than a million words.
Woolf, Virginia. “Introduction; Editorial Note”. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, edited by Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1986–1994, pp. vols. 1 - 4: various pages.
ix
She left a richly documented life in words, inventing a modern fiction, theorising modernity, writing the woman into the picture. She built this outstandingly influential work, which has had its impact on both writing and life, on her personal experience, and her fictions emerge to a striking degree from her life, her gender, and her moment in history. In a sketch of her career written to Ethel Smyth
she said that a short story called An Unwritten Novelwas the great discovery . . . . That—again in one second—showed me how I could embody all my deposit of experience in a shape that fitted it.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
T. S. Eliot
praised the book in the Athenæum for 4 July 1919; Ezra Pound
wrote to Joyce that Bloom is a great man; Virginia Woolf
wrote in her diary that the book reeled...
Literary responses
Vera Brittain
The book was widely and favourably reviewed. Lady Rhondda
found it [e]xtraordinarily interesting. I sat up reading it till long past my usual bedtime and have been reading it again all this morning.
qtd. in
Gorham, Deborah. Vera Brittain: A Feminist Life. Blackwell, 1996.
1
Virginia Woolf
Literary responses
Ethel Wilson
Feminist responses to EW
's work emerged in the 1970s. Maggie Lloyd Vardoe's decision to leave a loveless marriage and independently pursue a more fulfilling one was lauded as radical for its time. In the...
Literary responses
Alice Meynell
Virginia Woolf
was angered by AM
's opinion that Jane Austen
was a frump (and was even angrier that Meynell advised reading Sterne
's Tristram Shandy in an expurgated edition).
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
2: 503
Literary responses
E. H. Young
This time The Spectator, pursuing the line of excessive modernist influence, called EHY
a thicker-skinned Virginia Woolf
. . . but hardly less bogged in the undifferentiated welter of phenomenal experience.
qtd. in
Mezei, Kathy, and Chiara Briganti. “’She must be a very good novelist’: Rereading E. H. Young (1880-1949)”. English Studies in Canada, Vol.
27
, No. 3, Sept. 2001, pp. 303-31.
307
This novel...
Literary responses
Charlotte Brontë
Jane Eyre has become a sensitive barometer of feminist criticism. With its author it became the focus of Victorian women critics, including Anne Thackeray Ritchie
and Charlotte Mew
. Virginia Woolf
admired the poetry of...
Literary responses
Pearl S. Buck
In her review for The New York Times, Katherine Wood
pointed out some of the parallels between these opinions on gender and those of (the recently dead) Virginia Woolf
.
Conn, Peter. Pearl S. Buck. A Cultural Biography. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
248
Literary responses
Vita Sackville-West
Her biographer Victoria Glendinning describes her Diary of a Journey to France with Virginia Woolf
in 1928 as rather flat.
Glendinning, Victoria. Vita. Penguin, 1984.
200
Literary responses
Colette
Virginia Woolf
(who in 1936 had eagerly anticipated her reading of Mes Apprentissages) found Duoall about love and rather too slangy for her perfectly to understand its French, but what a born writer...
Literary responses
Emily Brontë
Since the early criticism which took its lead from Charlotte's biographical portrait, a biographical and hagiographic industry has arisen around all three Brontë sisters and their home in Haworth. A. Mary F. Robinson
published...
Literary responses
Alice Meynell
In his review for The Sphere, Clement Shorter
deemed this matchless.
qtd. in
Badeni, June. The Slender Tree: A Life of Alice Meynell. Tabb House, 1981.
234
The young Woolf
, too, wrote in the Times Literary Supplement that AM
's essays were courageous, authoritative, and individual.
qtd. in
Schaffer, Talia. The Forgotten Female Aesthetes: Literary Culture in Late-Victorian England. University Press of Virginia , 2000.
193
Literary responses
Dora Sigerson
Virginia Woolf
, in her review of the volume for the Times Literary Supplement, characterised DS
as one of the class of poets who use poetry for offloading any personal experience, whether trivial or...
Literary responses
Elizabeth von Arnim
Though Fräulein Schmidt and Mr. Anstruther was not an especial favourite of reviewers, the Evening News credited it with an insight into life which makes the author one of the finest, if not the finest...
Literary responses
Lady Charlotte Bury
The controversial quality of this book made it popular in the USA as well as in England, and several new editions followed. Thackeray
, however, wrote: We never met with a book more pernicious or...
Literary responses
Hope Mirrlees
Paris was received by an appreciative audience. Before its publication Virginia Woolf
described it as very obscure, indecent, and brilliant.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
2: 385
As Julia Briggs
observes, its readership remained strictly limited; [but] those, like T. S. Eliot