Charlotte Brontë

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Standard Name: Brontë, Charlotte
Birth Name: Charlotte Brontë
Married Name: Mrs Arthur Bell Nicholls
Pseudonym: Currer Bell
Used Form: Charlotte Bronte
CB 's five novels, with their passionate explorations of the dilemmas facing nineteenth-century middle-class English women, have made her perhaps the most loved, imitated, resisted, and hotly debated novelist of the Victorian period.
Etching of Charlotte Brontë after a portrait by George Richmond, 1850. She is seen from the waist up, seated, with one elbow resting on a table, that hand holding a small book and the other on her lap, holding a handkerchief. She wears a flat ribbon round her neck, and a dark dress, buttoned in front, with lace trim on the sleeves and bodice. Her dark, smooth hair is pulled back and tied with a dark ribbon.

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Intertextuality and Influence Anne Brontë
Critic Elizabeth Langland credits AB 's first novel as one of the first by a woman to tell a humble, domestic story and to discover the techniques by which it could win an audience. The...
Fictionalization Emily Brontë
Charlotte 's Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell, her prefaces to Wuthering Heights, and the selection of poems sought to defend her sisters' character and works from the charges of reviewers. She...
Literary responses Anne Brontë
The novel was reviewed immediately by The Spectator and the Athenæum. The former accused the author of a morbid love for the coarse, not to say the brutal, and objected to the coarseness of...
Reception Emily Brontë
Charlotte made substantial revisions to EB 's poetry in this edition that included some previously unpublished work. Although she cast her editorial interventions as mere corrections, she made substantial changes, such as substituting one word...
Literary responses Anne Brontë
After AB 's death, Charlotte considered her sister's novelhardly . . . desirable to preserve and the subject matter an entire mistake.
Allott, Miriam, editor. The Brontës. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
274
She therefore concurred with her publisher's plan to reprint not this...
Health Emily Brontë
In a letter to her publisher, Charlotte Brontë reported with concern that her sister Emily was too ill to write: she had a cough and fever.
Brontë, Charlotte. The Letters of Charlotte Brontë. Editor Smith, Margaret, Clarendon Press.
2: 138
Textual Production Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë discovered a book of EB 's manuscript poetry and was convinced that she should publish it; this led to their first, joint publication (with Anne ) of their Poems.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press.
478-9
Textual Production Emily Brontë
The Brontë sisters, Charlotte , Anne , and Emily , received copies of their first publication: a collection of Poems published at their expense under the pseudonyms Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell.
Bell was the...
Textual Production Emily Brontë
The publishers of Jane Eyre bought up the remaining copies of Poems by Currer , Ellis , and Acton Bell and reissued it.
Allott, Miriam, editor. The Brontës. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
9, 64
Publishing Emily Brontë
C. W. Hatfield 's edition of The Complete Poems of Emily Jane Brontë first revealed the extent of Charlotte Brontë 's modification of her sister's poetry in the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights.
Brontë, Emily. “Introduction”. The Poems of Emily Brontë, edited by Derek Roper, Clarendon, pp. 1-29.
25
Brontë, Emily. “Introduction”. The Complete Poems of Emily Jane Brontë, edited by Charles William Hatfield, Columbia University Press, pp. 3-13.
4-5
Textual Production Emily Brontë
EB 's Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontë 's Agnes Grey reappeared in a cheap, single volume with a heavily edited and annotated selection of poems and a biographical preface by Charlotte Brontë .
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press.
654-6
Brontë, Charlotte, and Emily Brontë. “Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell; Editor’s Preface to the New Edition of <span data-tei-ns-tag="tei_title" data-tei-title-lvl=‘m’>Wuthering Heights</span>; Extract from the Prefatory Note to ’Selections from Poems by Ellis Bell’”. Wuthering Heights, edited by Professor Ian Jack and Professor Ian Jack, Oxford University Press, pp. 359 - 65; 365.
365
Publishing Anne Brontë
After AB 's death, Agnes Grey was reprinted with Wuthering Heights, some of the sisters ' poetry, and a biographical preface by Charlotte , who considered this novel more suitable than The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press.
654-6
Brontë, Charlotte, and Emily Brontë. “Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell; Editor’s Preface to the New Edition of <span data-tei-ns-tag="tei_title" data-tei-title-lvl=‘m’>Wuthering Heights</span>; Extract from the Prefatory Note to ’Selections from Poems by Ellis Bell’”. Wuthering Heights, edited by Professor Ian Jack and Professor Ian Jack, Oxford University Press, pp. 359 - 65; 365.
365
Brontë, Anne, and Charles William Hatfield. The Complete Poems of Anne Brontë. Editor Shorter, Clement, Hodder and Stoughton.
ix
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press.
594
Cultural formation Emily Brontë
EB was influentially represented by her sister Charlotte , in her biographical preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights, as living apart from the world, a homebody who was not naturally gregarious and...
Publishing Anne Brontë
Newby 's advertisement of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall in the US as the work of Currer Bell prompted Charlotte and AB to make a sudden trip to London to refute the claim.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press.
557
Family and Intimate relationships Emily Brontë
Two of EB 's sisters, Maria and Elizabeth , died before she reached the age of seven. With Charlotte , her elder by two years, and Anne , her younger by eighteen months, Emily engaged...

Timeline

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Texts

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