Virginia Woolf

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Standard Name: Woolf, Virginia
Birth Name: Adeline Virginia Stephen
Nickname: Ginia
Married Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf
Thousands of readers over three or four generations have known that Virginia Woolf was—by a beadle—denied access to the library of a great university. They may have known, too, that she was a leading intellect of the twentieth century. If they are feminist readers they will know that she thought . . . back through her mothers and also sideways through her sisters and that she contributed more than any other in the twentieth century to the recovery of women's writing.
Marcus, Jane. “Introduction”. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf, edited by Jane Marcus, Macmillan, p. i - xx.
xiv
Educated in her father's library and in a far more than usually demanding school of life, she radically altered the course not only of the English tradition but also of the several traditions of literature in English.
Froula, Christine. Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Avant-Garde. Columbia University Press.
2
She wrote prodigiously—nine published novels, as well as stories, essays (including two crucial books on feminism, its relation to education and to war), diaries, letters, biographies (both serious and burlesque), and criticism. As a literary journalist in a wide range of forums, she addressed the major social issues of her time in more than a million words.
Woolf, Virginia. “Introduction; Editorial Note”. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, edited by Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, pp. vols. 1 - 4: various pages.
ix
She left a richly documented life in words, inventing a modern fiction, theorising modernity, writing the woman into the picture. She built this outstandingly influential work, which has had its impact on both writing and life, on her personal experience, and her fictions emerge to a striking degree from her life, her gender, and her moment in history. In a sketch of her career written to Ethel Smyth she said that a short story called An Unwritten Novelwas the great discovery . . . . That—again in one second—showed me how I could embody all my deposit of experience in a shape that fitted it.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press.
4: 231

Connections

Connections Author name Sort descending Excerpt
Literary responses Enid Bagnold
EB 's friend Desmond MacCarthy approached Virginia Woolf to review the book, but she refused, having taken a dislike to Bagnold and assuming that she had enmeshed poor old Desmond.
Friedman, Lenemaja. Enid Bagnold. Twayne.
9
As Woolf put it...
Literary responses Enid Bagnold
The novel was very well received, both in England and the United States. In the New York Herald Tribune, Lewis Gannett recommended it as a book to buy, to read, to remember and...
Intertextuality and Influence Elizabeth Baker
Penelope, a working-class woman in her thirties, determines to leave her philandering husband. Her plans to find work to support herself, however, are hampered by employers' prejudices against taking on a divorced woman with children...
Textual Features Anna Letitia Barbauld
She strikes a newly bold, almost an insurrectionary note here, calling upon revolutionary France, indeed, to provide a model. [W]hatever is corrupted must be lopt away, she writes, as people assert their long forgotten...
Textual Production Pat Barker
In the title of her novel Toby's Room, PB signalled unmistakably its relationship to an earlier novel about the First World War and the loss of a brother, Virginia Woolf 's Jacob's Room, published in 1922.
Blackwell’s Online Bookshop. http://Bookshop.Blackwell.co.uk.
Lee, Hermione. “The greater truths of war”. Guardian Weekly, pp. 38-9.
38
Textual Production Sir J. M. Barrie
SJMB also wrote introductions for and reviews of the work of others. Virginia Woolf reproved him for his high opinion of middle-brow novelist Leonard Merrick , for whom he wrote an introduction in 1918,
Woolf, Virginia. The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Editors McNeillie, Andrew and Stuart Nelson Clarke, Hogarth Press.
2: 265ff
Textual Features Simone de Beauvoir
SB 's next novel, Tous les hommes sont mortels, 1946 (translated into English as All Men Are Mortal, 1954), features, like Woolf 's Orlando, a protagonist who is immortal, living on from...
Family and Intimate relationships Sybille Bedford
Since the first attempt had been prevented by Home Office suspicion that SB was an undesirable foreign prostitute taking this means to begin plying her trade in Britain, the best man on the second occasion...
Author summary Aphra Behn
It is difficult to summarise AB 's immense and complex importance for the history of women's writing. Virginia Woolf said she deserved from all women a tribute of flowers because she was the first to...
Friends, Associates Gertrude Bell
Vita Sackville-West stayed with GB in Baghdad; during the visit she discussed Bell by letter with her friend Virginia Woolf .
Howell, Georgina. Daughter of the Desert: the Remarkable Life of Gertrude Bell. Macmillan.
502
Winstone, Harry Victor Frederick. Gertrude Bell. J. Cape.
255
death Arnold Bennett
Virginia Woolf wrote in her diary of feeling unexpectedly moved and sorry at the death of this lovable genuine man with whom she had crossed swords.
Drabble, Margaret. Arnold Bennett: A Biography. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
350
Literary responses Arnold Bennett
AB 's reviews, combined with his visibly privileged lifestyle, did not help his reputation among younger writers (such as those in the Bloomsbury Group ) as a wealthy snob or a philistine. Wyndham Lewis attacked...
Friends, Associates Stella Benson
SB first met Virginia and Leonard Woolf .
Grant, Joy. Stella Benson: A Biography. Macmillan.
216, 217
Friends, Associates Stella Benson
SB met Lord David Cecil at a dinner with Virginia and Leonard Woolf , after which they all went on to Clive and Vanessa Bell 's house.
Grant, Joy. Stella Benson: A Biography. Macmillan.
254, 255
Residence Stella Benson
SB returned from China to England to receive the Femina Vie Hereuse prize for Tobit Transplanted. During the voyage she read Virginia Woolf 's The Waves.
Grant, Joy. Stella Benson: A Biography. Macmillan.
290-1
Scott, Bonnie Kime. Refiguring Modernism. Indiana University Press.
1: 220

Timeline

1904: Madame C. de Broutelles founded the Prix...

Writing climate item

1904

Madame C. de Broutelles founded the Prix Femina Vie Heureuse, a prestigious French literary prize awarded by a jury of twelve women. A. Mary F. Robinson (an English writer living in France) was a co-founder.

1907: Edmund Gosse anonymously published Father...

Writing climate item

1907

Edmund Gosse anonymously published Father and Son, an autobiography of his early years which presents his father, the scientist Philip Gosse , as an oppressive, small-minded bigot.
Birch, Dinah. “Fond Father”. London Review of Books, pp. 3-5.
3

1 November 1907: The British Museum's reading room reopened...

Building item

1 November 1907

The British Museum 's reading room reopened after being cleaned and redecorated; the dome was embellished with the names of canonical male writers, beginning with Chaucer and ending with Browning .

6 May 1910: King Edward VII died, and George V assumed...

National or international item

6 May 1910

King Edward VII died, and George V assumed the throne; Virginia Woolf dated a section of The Years from the old king's death.

6 November 1910: Roger Fry organised the Manet and Post-Impressionists...

Building item

6 November 1910

Roger Fry organised the Manet and Post-Impressionists exhibition at the Grafton Galleries , which presented the art of Cézanne , Gauguin , Matisse , and Picasso to London for the first time.

4 October 1911: The first electric escalators in the UK were...

Building item

4 October 1911

The first electric escalators in the UK were installed, at Earl's Court underground station, London.

June 1913: At the invitation of Margaret Llewelyn Davies,...

Women writers item

June 1913

At the invitation of Margaret Llewelyn Davies , Virginia Woolf attended the Women's Co-operative Guild Congress in Newcastle.

After 18 February 1914: Leonard Woolf published his second novel,...

Writing climate item

After 18 February 1914

Leonard Woolf published his second novel, The Wise Virgins (which he had begun to write on his honeymoon). Quite different in genre from his first, it is a roman à clef reputedly presenting harsh caricatures...

28 April-1 May 1915: At the International Women's Peace Congress...

National or international item

28 April-1 May 1915

At the International Women's Peace Congress in The Hague, thirteen hundred women delegates from twelve countries founded the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace ; it became the Women's International League for Peace...

From early summer 1915: Garsington Manor, near Oxford, the home of...

Building item

From early summer 1915

Garsington Manor, near Oxford, the home of Lady Ottoline and Philip Morrell , became a centre for many pacifists, conscientious objectors, and non-pacifist critics of the war.

1 January 1916: The British edition of Vogue (an American...

Building item

1 January 1916

The British edition of Vogue (an American fashion magazine) began publishing from Condé Nast in Hanover Square, London.

1917: Scientist and travel-writer Norman Douglas...

Writing climate item

1917

Scientist and travel-writer Norman Douglas published his most famous book, the novelSouth Wind, whose ironic questioning of conventional morality appealed to a war-weary public, bringing it great success.

11 November 1918: At 11 a.m. (the eleventh hour of the eleventh...

National or international item

11 November 1918

At 11 a.m. (the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month), the Armistice, signed at Compiègne, went into effect, officially ending World War I.

14 May 1920: Time and Tide began publication, offering...

Building item

14 May 1920

Time and Tide began publication, offering a feminist approach to literature, politics, and the arts: Naomi Mitchison called it the first avowedly feminist literary journal with any class, in some ways ahead of its time.
Mitchison, Naomi. You May Well Ask: A Memoir 1920-1940. Gollancz.
168

1924: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth...

Women writers item

1924

Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press published The Rector's Daughter, a novel by F. M. (or Flora Macdonald) Mayor .

Texts

Woolf, Virginia. Jacob’s Room; and, The Waves. Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1959.
Woolf, Virginia, and Vanessa Bell. Kew Gardens. Hogarth Press, 1919.
Woolf, Virginia. “Lady Ritchie”. Times Literary Supplement, No. 894, p. 123.
Woolf, Virginia, and Anna Davin. Life as We Have Known It, by Co-operative Working Women. Editor Davies, Margaret Llewelyn, Virago, 1977.
Woolf, Virginia. “Mary Wollstonecraft”. Nation and Athenaeum, Vol.
46
, pp. 13-15.
Woolf, Virginia. Moments of Being. Editor Schulkind, Jeanne, Chatto and Windus for Sussex University Press, 1976.
Woolf, Virginia, and Vanessa Bell. Monday or Tuesday. Hogarth Press, 1921.
Woolf, Virginia. “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown”. Literary Review of the New York Evening Post.
Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Hogarth Press, 1925.
Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Hogarth Press, 1980.
Woolf, Virginia. “Mrs. Dalloway in Bond Street”. The Dial, 1880-1929, Vol.
75
, No. 20-7.
Woolf, Virginia. Night and Day. Duckworth, 1919.
Woolf, Virginia. Night and Day. Hogarth Press, 1977.
Woolf, Virginia, and Margot Asquith. “Obituary: Lady Ottoline Morrell”. Times, p. 16.
Woolf, Virginia. “On Being Ill”. The New Criterion, edited by T. S. Eliot, Vol.
4
, No. 1, pp. 32-45.
Woolf, Virginia. Orlando. Hogarth Press, 1928.
Woolf, Virginia. Orlando. Hogarth Press, 1978.
Woolf, Virginia. “Phyllis and Rosamond”. The Complete Shorter Fiction of Virginia Woolf, edited by Susan Dick, Hogarth Press, 1985, pp. 17-29.
Woolf, Virginia. “Professions for Women”. The Death of the Moth and Other Essays, Hogarth Press, 1981, pp. 149-54.
Woolf, Virginia. “Review of Dora Sigerson Shorter: <span data-tei-ns-tag="tei_title" data-tei-title-lvl=‘m’>The Sad Years</span&gt”;. Times Literary Supplement, No. 867, p. 403.
Woolf, Virginia. “Review of W. D. Howells: <span data-tei-ns-tag="tei_title" data-tei-title-lvl=‘m’>The Son of Royal Langbrith</span&gt”;. The Guardian, 1846-1951.
Woolf, Virginia. Roger Fry. Hogarth Press, 1940.
Woolf, Virginia. “Sara Coleridge”. The Death of the Moth and Other Essays, Penguin Books, 1961, pp. 98-104.
Bell, Quentin, and Virginia Woolf. The Charleston Bulletin Supplements. Editor Olk, Claudia, British Library, 2013.
Woolf, Virginia. The Common Reader. Hogarth Press, 1925.