Eliza Haywood

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Standard Name: Haywood, Eliza
Birth Name: Elizabeth Fowler
Married Name: Eliza Haywood
Pseudonym: A Young Lady
Pseudonym: Mira
Pseudonym: Euphrosine
Pseudonym: The Authors of the Female Spectator
Pseudonym: The Author of the Fortunate Foundlings
Pseudonym: Exploralibus
Pseudonym: The Son of a Mandarin, residing in London
EH was the most prolific novelist by number of titles (even ignoring those doubtfully ascribed) between Aphra Behn and Charlotte Smith . She also wrote poems, plays, periodicals, conduct books, translation, and theatre history. Her output of 72 works and four collections (actual or planned) skews all graphs of the rising output of published works by women. Some readers find the endless, breathless sex scenes of her earlier fiction tedious; but behind the sensationalism is a sharp mind. She is hilariously satirical, pointedly topical, formally inventive and experimental, and trenchantly critical of power misused (in both political and gender relations). Her career shows a certain direction as well as a constant opportunism. The varied origins of the novel gave her scope for original hybridizations of the pliable new form. Her Betsy Thoughtless first brought to the post-Richardsonian novel a female viewpoint unmonitored by male mentors. Her Female Spectator was the first woman's work in the new magazine genre.
Black and white engraving of Eliza Haywood by George Vertue after a painting by James Parmentier. It has an oval frame tied with a ribbon at the top and set within a rectangular from. Haywood's hair is tied back, with a lock of it showing on her left shoulder. She is wearing a dress with a deep decolletage and lace at the bosom. This engraving was used as frontispiece to vol. i of her "Secret Histories, Novels and Poems", of which the second (and perhaps only) edition appeared in 1725.

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Jane Brereton
The book opens, like other posthumous collections, with a biographical memoir, in this case by JB 's daughter Charlotte, who reinforces the poet's own positioning of herself as Welsh, female, and modest. Envisaging potential hostility...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Martha Fowke
This book takes the form of an autobiographical love-letter to Hillario (Aaron Hill , to whom there is a verse dedication as well), but it is also, as its title implies, a satirical fiction...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
The significance of this field of study is not so much that RPJ later wrote short stories herself, as that many or most of her chosen texts (later re-classified by literary historians as novels, despite...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Alethea Lewis
She heads her novel with a prefatory letter to the Rev. William Johnstone , who, she says, has asked why she chooses to write fiction and not moral essays. She answers that novels offer opportunities...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Mary Matilda Betham
Catharine Macaulay , she insists, was pleasing and delicate in her person, and a woman of great feeling and indisputable abilities, though the democratic spirit of her writings has made them fall into disrepute.
Feminist Companion Archive.
She...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Mary Masters
A few of the letters discuss female friendship and feminist opinion, as if seeking to raise the consciousness of the recipient. Some in this category occur at random among other letters. Most treat topics of...
Textual Production Anne-Thérèse de Lambert
The letters to both children were probably written in the last decade of the seventeenth century, and were said to be influenced by the writings of Louis Silvestre de Sacy . The translator into English...
Textual Production Martha Fowke
MF began showing her poems to Aaron Hill as soon as their flirtatious relationship was launched in early 1721. Christine Gerrard believes that MF is the author of a poem printed in Eliza Haywood 's...
Textual Production Elizabeth Boyd
She dedicated it to her patron Lady Hertford . The British Library copy is 12604 ccc. 7. Harvard University holds the only known copy of an undated set of subscription proposals, which is headed Any...
Textual Production Martha Fowke
MF may have written The Plain Dealer's elegy on Manley , published in no. 53 on 21 September 1724 and reprinted in the collected edition in 1730.
Fowke, Martha. “Introduction”. Clio, edited by Phyllis J. Guskin, University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, pp. 15-50.
34
It has been ascribed to Haywood
Textual Features Jean Plaidy
The Carr novels present perhaps JP 's heaviest concentration of plot-elements which would have been familiar to Eliza Haywood , Penelope Aubin , Ouida , and a host of popular fictioneers of every century and...
Textual Features Elizabeth Griffith
EG 's collection recovers fiction of an earlier style than her own. It incorporates material from three English texts (besides the Behn , they are Penelope Aubin 's The Noble Slaves, and some of...
Textual Features Ann Radcliffe
Again AR 's influences are Walpole and Reeve .
Norton, Rictor. Mistress of Udolpho: The Life of Ann Radcliffe. Leicester University Press.
58-9
Such elements as the heroine's unconsciously offering herself to the male gaze, revealing intimate physical charms as she lies asleep, probably do not stem directly...
Textual Features Clara Reeve
CR demonstrates the widest possible reading: from Homer , Virgil and Horace (all revered) and Juvenal and Persius (used to prove that not all classical authors are admirable) through the heroic romances like those of...
Textual Features Elizabeth Thomas
The range of authors quoted for chapter-headings is similar to that in her last novel, with the notable addition of passages in both prose and poetry by Martha Homely, her own formerly-used pseudonym. Poems...

Timeline

3 April 1592: The early, anonymous tragedy Arden of Feversham...

Writing climate item

3 April 1592

The early, anonymous tragedyArden of Feversham was entered in the Stationers' Register ; the title character is murdered by his adulterous wife.

1669: G. J. Guilleragues published, anonymously,...

Writing climate item

1669

G. J. Guilleragues published, anonymously, Lettres portugaises (sometimes called Letters of a Portuguese Nun).

19 May 1720: A New Miscellany, edited by Anthony Hammond,...

Women writers item

19 May 1720

A New Miscellany, edited by Anthony Hammond , included work by Pope , Prior , William Bond , George Sewell , Susanna Centlivre , Delarivier Manley , Eliza Haywood , Martha Fowke , and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu .

29 February 1724: Daniel Defoe anonymously published The Fortunate...

Writing climate item

29 February 1724

Daniel Defoe anonymously published The Fortunate Mistress, or . . . Lady Roxana, his second fictional autobiography of a woman living on her wits.

February 1726: Richard Savage published his Miscellaneous...

Writing climate item

February 1726

Richard Savage published his Miscellaneous Poems and Translations: dedicated to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu , it included work by Eliza Haywood , Martha Fowke , and Miranda Hill .

December 1728: George II's eldest son, then Frederick Augustus,...

National or international item

December 1728

George II 's eldest son, then Frederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Lunenburg , arrived in England for the first time.

27 April 1736: Frederick Prince of Wales married Princess...

National or international item

27 April 1736

Frederick Prince of Wales married Princess Augusta , who had first met him two days before, when she landed in England.

19 February 1747: Mrs Penelope Pry (possibly though not probably...

Building item

19 February 1747

Mrs Penelope Pry (possibly though not probably Eliza Haywood ) edited the only surviving issue of The Lady's Weekly Magazine, published in London.

1 January 1753: According to her own story, Elizabeth Canning,...

National or international item

1 January 1753

According to her own story, Elizabeth Canning , a maidservant, was abducted, after which she was imprisoned for days.

1754: The Rev. William Dodd published his novel...

Writing climate item

1754

The Rev. William Dodd published his novelThe Sisters; or, The History of Lucy and Caroline Sanson, Entrusted to a False Friend, a morally oversimplified example of the bad-sister-damned/good-sister-saved plot.

1 November 1755: A major earthquake at Lisbon in Portugal...

National or international item

1 November 1755

A major earthquake at Lisbon in Portugal killed more than 10,000 people (estimates vary), provoking theological debate between Rousseau and Voltaire about the nature of evil.

1780: James Harrison (hitherto chiefly known as...

Writing climate item

1780

James Harrison (hitherto chiefly known as a music publisher) began to issue the handsomely-produced Novelists' Magazine, a weekly serial reprinting of canonical novels.

1814: John Colin Dunlop published The History of...

Writing climate item

1814

John Colin Dunlop published The History of Fiction: Being a Critical Account of the Most Celebrated Prose Works of Fiction, from the Earliest Greek Romances to the Novels of the Present Age.

27 September 1968: The tribal love-rock musical Hair, a few...

Building item

27 September 1968

The tribal love-rock musicalHair, a few months into its four-year run on Broadway, opened in London the day after censorship was ended by the Theatres Act.

Texts

Haywood, Eliza. A Letter from H—— G——, Esq. Printed and sold at the Royal Exchange, Temple Bar, Charing Cross, and all the Pamphlet Shops of London and Westminster, 1750.
Haywood, Eliza. A Present for a Servant-Maid. T. Gardner, 1743.
Haywood, Eliza. A Wife to be Lett. D. Browne, Jr. and S. Chapman, 1723.
Haywood, Eliza. Adventures of Eovaai. S. Baker, 1736.
Haywood, Eliza. Anti-Pamela. J. Huggonson, 1741.
Haywood, Eliza. Bath-Intrigues. J. Roberts, 1724.
Haywood, Eliza. Cleomelia. J. Millan, 1727.
Haywood, Eliza. Dalinda. C. Corbett and G. Woodfall, 1749.
Haywood, Eliza. “Elegy on Manley”. The Plain Dealer, edited by Aaron Hill, No. 53, A. Hill and W. Bond.
Haywood, Eliza. Epistles for the Ladies. T. Gardner, 1750.
Haywood, Eliza. Fatal Fondness. J. Walthoe and J. Crokatt, 1725.
Haywood, Eliza. Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh. W. Mears and J. Brindley, 1729.
Haywood, Eliza. Idalia. D. Browne, Jr., W. Chetwood, and S. Chapman, 1723.
Haywood, Eliza. “Introduction”. Three Novellas, edited by Earla Wilputte, Colleagues Press, 1995, pp. 1-15.
Haywood, Eliza. “Introduction”. Adventures of Eovaai, edited by Earla Wilputte, Broadview, 1999, pp. 7-40.
Haywood, Eliza. “Introduction and Chronology of Events in Eliza Haywood’s Life”. The Injur’d Husband, or, The Mistaken Resentment; and, Lasselia, or, The Self-Abandon’d, edited by Jerry C. Beasley, University Press of Kentucky, 1999, p. ix - xlii.
Haywood, Eliza. “Irish Artifice”. The Female Dunciad, T. Read, 1728, pp. 17-30.
Gomez, Madeleine Angélique Poisson de. L’Entretien des Beaux Esprits. Translator Haywood, Eliza, F. Cogan and J. Nourse, 1734.
Gomez, Madeleine Angélique Poisson de. La Belle Assemblée. Translator Haywood, Eliza, D. Browne, Jr., and S. Chapman, 1724.
Haywood, Eliza. Lasselia. D. Browne, Jr., and S. Chapman, 1723.
Boursault, Edmé. Letters from a Lady of Quality to a Chevalier. Translator Haywood, Eliza, William Chetwood, 1720.
Haywood, Eliza. Life’s Progress Through the Passions. T. Gardner, 1748.
Haywood, Eliza. Life’s Progress Through the Passions. Garland Publishing, 1974, http://HSS.
Haywood, Eliza. Love in Excess. W. Chetwood, 1720.
Haywood, Eliza. Love in Excess. Editor Oakleaf, David, Broadview, 1994.